The Local Elite Dynamics in the Formation of Regional Regulations Concerning the Empowerment and Protection of Women in Bogor City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22225/politicos.6.2.2026.133-145Keywords:
Local Political Elites; Formation of Regional Regulations; Women's Empowerment and Protection; Gender Policy; Bogor City.Abstract
This study examines how the power dynamics of local elites affect the process of formulating Regional Regulations (Perda) on Women's Empowerment and Protection in the Bogor City DPRD. Although Indonesia has a national commitment to Gender Mainstreaming (PUG), implementation at the regional level is often hampered by local political dominance. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative methodology with a case study in Bogor City, this study analyzes the micropolitical interaction of local elites through in-depth interviews and document analysis. The findings suggest that local political elites, who are fragmented between normative-emancipatory and pragmatic-governance value orientations, as well as influenced by conservative views and party interests, tend to tame gender narratives in policy. The concept of empowerment shifted to the domestic-economic realm, ignoring the strengthening of women's political capacity. The legislative process is dominated by negotiation and defensive compromise, resulting in legal products that are weak in substance, less responsive to women's needs, and vulnerable to implementation dysfunction due to budget constraints and lack of executive commitment. The gap between the high incidence of violence against women and the slow legislative response underscores the contingency between social needs and the capacity of the legislative system. Implicitly, gender policy advocacy needs to be focused on the formulation and budgeting stages to prevent substance weakening.
References
Abadiyah, E. M., Wulandari, S., & Rupiarsieh, R. (2026). From Quotas To Substance: Implementing Regional Regulation No. 9 On Gender Mainstreaming In Dprd Bojonegoro. Journal of Social Politics and Governance (JSPG), 8(1), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.24076/yzpnr343
Angin, R. (2014). Anggaran Responsive Gender (Bukan Hanya Untuk Perempuan) (T. H. Santoso, Ed.). LPPM UM Jember. https://repository.unmuhjember.ac.id/id/eprint/15781
Batubara, E. P. N., & Darmastuti, S. (2024). Gender Mainstreaming Plan International dalam Bidang Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 1003–1017. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v4i2.570
Beriansyah, A., Muhammad, H. A., & Pratiwi, C. S. (2023). Perempuan dalam Arus Politik Lokal: Studi Elektoral Keterpilihan Perempuan Pada Pemilihan Legislatif Tahun 2019 di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Noken: Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 8(2), 345–357. https://doi.org/10.33506/jn.v8i2.2467
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Ekawati, E. (2018). Keterwakilan Perempuan Pada Pemilu Pasca Orde Baru. Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 16(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2017.161.67-80
Fauzi, F. (2019). Desentralisasi dan dampak pada kebijakan perlindungan perempuan. Jurnal Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan, 5(2), 112-130.
Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Pantheon Books.
Hadiz, V. R. (2010). Localising power in post-authoritarian Indonesia: A study of local government in East Java. ISEAS Publishing.
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (S. Hall, Ed.). SAGE Publications.
Htun, M., & Weldon, L. (2010). The civic origins of women’s empowerment. Studies in Comparative International Development, 45(2), 135-154.
Htun, M., & Weldon, L. (2012). The politics of gender equality: Explaining variance in Scandinavian equality policies. European Journal of Political Research, 51(3), 301-327.
Jumadi, J. (2018). Kedudukan Dan Fungsi Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Kabupaten/Kota Sebagai Instrumen Otonomi Daerah Dalam Sistem Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Unsulbar, 1(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.31605/j-law.v1i1.49
Madani, A. (2023). Konsep Elite Politik: Menelisik Perilaku Tokoh Nahdlatul Ulama pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah. PT Literasi Nusantara Abadi Grup.
Malaka, A. (2018). Beyond Numbers: Female Political Representation in Indonesia’s National and Local Parliaments. OIKOS: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Bisnis, 10(2). https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/oikos/article/view/48185
Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach (L. Bickman & D. J. Rog, Eds.; 3rd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Mills, C. W. (1956). The Power Elite. Oxford University Press.
Mudzakkir, A. (2022). Feminisme Kritis Gender dan Kapitalisme dalam Pemikiran Nancy Fraser. (A. Tarigan, Ed.). PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Pearson.
Ofis Rikardo, Purwadini, S. A., & Maharany, S. F. (2024). Peranan Peraturan Daerah Dalam Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Sasana, 10(1), 162–179. https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v10i1.2110
Osborne, D., & Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing government: How the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector. Addison-Wesley.
Panjaitan, A. A., & Purba, C. S. (2020). Tantangan Yang Dihadapi Perempuan Di Indonesia: Meretas Ketidakadilan Gender. JURNAL HUKUM MEDIA BHAKTI, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.32501/jhmb.v2i1.21
Pateman, C. (1989). The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism, and Political Theory. Stanford University Press.
Pemerintah Kota Bogor. (2025). Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kota Bogor tentang Pemberdayaan dan Perlindungan Perempuan. https://jdih.kotabogor.go.id/peraturan/1184/detail
Pilar Parlemen. (2026, February 10). Anggaran DP3A Minim, DPRD Kota Bogor Soroti Lonjakan Kasus Kekerasan Perempuan dan Anak. Pilar Parlemen. https://pilarparlemen.id/
Poernomo, M. I. (2021). Buku Referensi Komunikasi Elit Politik. PT Literasi Nusantara Abadi Grup.
Prajuli, W. A. (2021, January 8). Kebijakan Pro Kesetaraan Gender Indonesia: Maju di Luar Negeri, Mundur di Dalam Negeri. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/id
Prasojo, E., & Tomsa, D. (2016). Indonesia's decentralization and local governance: Continuity and change. In Handbook of the Indonesian political system (pp. 235-250). Routledge.
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2000). Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengarusutamaan Gender dalam Pembangunan Nasional. https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/
Puspitawati, H. (2015). Pengenalan Konsep Gender, Kesetaraan dan Keadilan Gender. https://herienpuspitawati.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/5-pengenalan-konsep-gender-2012-rev.pdf
Rajab, B. (2018). Representasi Perempuan Dalam Lembaga Politik Di Indonesia. Jurnal Masyarakat Dan Budaya, 20(2), 211. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v20i2.626
Ramadhan, C. A. (2024). Women’s Empowerment Trough Barbie (2023). LITERA KULTURA?: Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies, 12(2), 9–16.
Roche, W. K. (2003). Social movements and the transformation of urban policy. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(1), 65-81.
Rowlands, J. (1997). Questioning Empowerment: Working with Women in Honduras. Oxfam GB.
Sari, R. (2020). Mengapa regulasi perempuan di daerah sering tumpul? Analisis politik legislasi. Jurnal Perempuan dan Pembangunan, 12(1), 78-95.
Sainsbury, D. (2009). Women's movements and policy change: How social movements influence the policy process. Oxford University Press.
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Wibowo, A. (2018). Politik lokal, patronase, dan perumusan kebijakan publik di daerah pasca-otonomi. Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 15(1), 45-62.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Alia Putri Khuzaimah Khuzaimah, Sri Zul Chairiyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
