Performance Analysis of Hybrid IEEE 802.15.4-802.11 Network for Smart Buildings

Abstract

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the demand for low-power and reliable environmental monitoring systems with real-time internet connectivity. This paper proposes the design and performance evaluation of a hybrid network integrating IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) and IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for smart building applications. The system consists of multiple sensor nodes that monitor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and vibration, with an ESP8266 module acting as a gateway to a cloud-based web server. An experimental method was applied to evaluate Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, including delay and packet loss, as well as power consumption under different transmission distances and data intervals. The results show that the proposed system is capable of transmitting multi-node sensor data in real time. However, delay and packet loss increase as the number of transmitted data and communication distance grow, mainly due to interference in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Furthermore, the data transmission interval significantly affects system power consumption. These findings indicate that the hybrid IEEE 802.15.4–IEEE 802.11 network is feasible for smart building monitoring, although further optimization in channel management and data transmission mechanisms is required to improve performance