Pergeseran Paradigma Administrasi Publik dalam Pelayanan Publik
Abstract
Public Service as a basic need of citizens,to keep abreast of the latest advancement of the world and to catch up with increasing and complex needs ofcitizens, needs to be balanced with the performance of the bureaucracy as well as public servants. To avoid conflict, public servants should always improve themselves in order to provide the best services sincerely, effectively, and efficiently. Due to such things, there has been a continuous paradigm shift in public administration starting from Old Public Administration, New Public Administration, New Public Service,New Public Management and to Governance. Each of the paradigms has its own advantages, but all share the same goal in terms of their expected change for betterment. The development of public administration paradigm does not mean that the old paradigm is obsoleteand, then, abandoned. Advantages of each paradigm can be adopted and elaborated with a new paradigm. Application of public services in different organizations cannot be conducted in a uniform way due to the fact that each organization has different socio-cultural conditions so that the indicators in all public administration paradigms can still be applied to potentially produce a public service that mutually benefits and satisfies all parties.References
Anonim, Governance and Decentralization Survey (GDS) 1 +, 2004. Laporan Penelitian Kerjasama Pusat Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan UGM- Bank Dunia Yogyakarta sudah di Publikasikan.
Asian Development Bank, (1999). Governance : Sound Development Management.
Asian Development Bank, “Public Administration in the 21-st Century” (artikel di Internet)
Bevir, Mark, eds., 2011. Governance.London: Sage Publications.
Brettschneider, Corey, 2007. Democratic Rights: The Substance of Self-Government.New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Denhardt, Janet V & Robert B Denhardt, 2007.The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering. Armonk New York : ME. Sharpe.
Ewalt, Jop Ann G, 2001. Theories Of Governance and New Public Management : Links to Understanding Welfare Policy Implementation”. Paper prepared for presentation at the annual Conference of the American Society For Public Administration, Avaliable Online: http://unpan l.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan015105.pdf (6 Nopember 2006).
Ferranti,David de, et al., 2009.How To Improve Governance: A New Framework For Analysis And Action. Washington: the brookings institution Press
Frederickson, H. George, 1980. New Public Administration. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press.
Frederickson, H.George& Kevin B. Smith, 2003.The Public Administration Theory Primer.Oxford :WestView Press.
Hoppe, Robert, 2010. The Governance of Problems Puzzling, powering, participation.Portland USA: The Policy Press.
Hughes, O. E. (1998) Public Management and Administration, 2nd Ed., London: MacMillanPress Ltd.
Kurniawan Teguh, 2007. Pergeseran paradigma Administrasi Publik: dari Perilaku Model Klasik dan NPM ke Good Governance. JIANA Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara Dikti No. 23A/DIKTI/KEP/2004. ISSN. 1411-948X, Volume 7, 1 Januari 2007, hal. 52-70.
Keputusan Menpan No. 63/Kep/M.PAN/7/2003 tertanggal 10 Juli 2003 tentang Pedoman Umum Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik.
Osborn, David dan Gaebler, Ted, 1993. Reinveting Government: How the Enterpreneurial Spirit is Transforming The Public Sector, Reading, MA: A Plume Book.
Plumptre, Tim and John Graham, 1999. Governance and Good Governance : International and Aboriginal Perspektives. Institute On Governance, Avaliable Online: http://www.iog.ca/publications/govgoodgov.pdf (6 November 2006).
Prasojo, Eko, 2003. Agenda Politik Dan Pemerintahan di Indonesia : Desentralisais Politik, reformasi Birokrasi dan Good Governance”. Bisnis dan Birokrasi, Vol. XI, No 1 Januari.
Rostbøll, Christian F., 2008. Deliberative Freedom Deliberative Democracy as Critical Theory.Albany:State University of New York Press.
Simanbela Lijan Poltak dkk, 2008. Reformasi Pelayanan Publik Teori, Kebijakan dan Implementasi. Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
Stoker, Gerry, 2004. New Localism, Participation and Networked Community Governance. Available Online: http://www.ipeg.org.uk./docs/ ngenewloc. pdf (6 Nopember 2006).
Undang-Undang No. 28 tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Negara yang Bersih dari Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme.
Wahyu Kuncoro, 2006. Studi Evaluasi Pelayanan Publik Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Soetomo (T E S I S), Program Studi Magister Ilmu Politik Program PascaSarjana, Semarang, Universitas Diponegoro.
Wicaksono, 2007. Citizen Charter : Terobosan Baru Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia. Spirit Publik Volume 3 No 2 Hal. 103-116.
Wrihatnolo, dkk., 2007. Manajemen Pemberdayaan Sebuah Pengantar & Panduan Untuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Kompuindo.

