The Role of Women Farming Groups on Vegetable Agribusiness Income (A Case Study Women Farmers Group In Pala City, Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan District)

Vegetables are all types of plants that can be consumed or eaten either taken from the roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers, or other parts used to be processed into food. Vegetables are also one of the horticultural crop commodities that have an important role as a source of income for farmers' lives. This research was conducted at the KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the income, level of farming efficiency, and contribution of KWT to family income in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan District. The determination of respondents was carried out using the census method with a total of 20 respondents. The method in this research is income analysis and R/C Ratio. The results of this study indicate that the income of vegetable farming in the KWT of Pala City, during one production season, is IDR 22.016.900. The value of the R/C Ratio of vegetable farming in the KWT of Pala City is 2.18. It means the activities of vegetable farming in the place is worth to be developed because profitable in term of economy.


Introduction
Indonesia is an agrarian country engaged in agriculture. Most Indonesian work as farmers. It comes from the fact the geographical location of Indonesia is in the tropics which has an appropriate climate to develop agricultural potential [10], [12], [17], [18], [20]. The role of the agricultural sector in Indonesia is very important in making a major contribution to the development of economic growth and welfare of farmers, contributing to high national income, and providing foreign exchange for the country [1], [2]. Where the economic growth and welfare of farmers depend on the level of income of farmers and the profits derived from the agricultural sector itself [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]. The agricultural sector also has a very important role as the main source of income for farming communities, especially vegetable farmers [5], [7], [11], [16].
Vegetables play an important role as a source of income that can meet the needs of farmers. Vegetables are one of the commodities that have bright prospects for development. Due to their function as daily needs, the demand for vegetables is rising from year to year [3], [4], [6], [8], [9].
The Indonesian government took the initiative to deal with the problem of poverty in the country, namely by establishing an institution that was given to women. Women Farmers Group (KWT) is a farmer group that empowers women workers to contribute to farming activities as well as other activities that can increase earnings [13], [14], [15].
Dajan Peken Village is one of the villages located in Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, which runs the Women Farmers Group (KWT) program. The Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Dajan Peken Village was named KWT Pala City, which was established in 2016. However, it was legalized by the government and already has an official permit and legal status in 2017. The number of group members in the Pala City KWT is 20 people, and each member in the Cempaka KWT cultivates almost 10 acres of land/per person. Land managed by the group is privately owned (group member) and Pala City KWT only has a land area of 5 acres. KWT Kota Pala manages various vegetable commodities, including green beans, mustard greens, and cabbage. From the past until now, the Pala City KWT is still active in carrying out activities in the agricultural sector, starting from processing its agricultural land to marketing its agricultural products, as well as holding several meetings between group members to coordinate and remain united in carrying out group activities.

Material and Methods
This research was conducted in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan District. This research was conducted for 3 months, from August to October 2022. The types of data used in this research are as follows: 1. Quantitative data is data in the form of numbers that can be calculated and expressed in units of calculation. Quantitative data in this study include land area, amount of production, production costs, the selling price of vegetables, and age. 2. Qualitative data is data in the form of words, sentences, pictures, or data in the form of descriptions that are not in the form of numbers and cannot be measured in units of calculation but are information related to this problem. The quality data in this study include the respondent's occupations. Sources of data used in this study are as follows: 1. Primary data is a source of research data obtained directly from the source in the form of interviews, polls from individuals or groups (people) as well as the results of observations of an object, event, or test result (object). The primary data in this study were sourced from respondents or members of the Pala City KWT through direct interviews with farmers using questionnaires or a list of questions that had been prepared.
2. Secondary data is a source of research data obtained through intermediary media or indirectly in the form of books, records, existing evidence, or archives, both published and unpublished in general. For example, literature, articles, journals, agricultural services, as well as the results of previous studies related to research, books that support research, information obtained through internet media, and so on.

Determination of Respondents
The study's population was determined by purposive sampling. The population in this study was KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village. The technique of determining or taking samples in this study was carried out by the census method. It was carried out on 20 members of KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village.

Method of collecting data
Data collection methods in this study were carried out following methods: 1) Observation, 2) Interview, 3) Questionnaire, and 4) Documentation.

Data analysis method
The analytical method used in this research is quantitative analysis, which is as follows: a. Farming Income Analysis 1. The total cost can be calculated using the following formula: To calculate the amount of revenue obtained can be known by using the following formula: To determine the R/C of a farm, it can be formulated as follows: R/C = TR/TC (4) Information: R/C = Return Cost Ratio TR = Total Revenue TC = Total Cost making criteria: a. RC > 1, profitable/efficient farming is cultivated b. RC = 1, Farming is said to be neither profitable nor loss (break event) RC < 1, Farming is not profitable/efficiently cultivated

Characteristics of Respondents a. Respondent Age
Most of the sample farmers in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village are aged 15-65 years with a percentage of 100%. This statement shows that most of the sample farmers are of very productive age, and indicates that the farming activities carried out are in the productive age group. It can be assumed that the more productive a farmer is, the higher the potential for energy possessed by the respondents in cultivating farming.

b. Education
10 Farmers at KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village took formal education at the elementary level. 8 people had Junior Highschool Education, a person came from Senior Highschool Education, and one person had a bachelor's degree. Education can be described as one of the important things in farming because it is very influential on the mindset of a farmer.

c. Number of Family Members
Farmers at KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village have family members totaling 3-5 people as many as 16 people with a percentage of 80.00%. And family members numbering less than 3 people as many as 4 people with a percentage of 20.00%.

Farming Fee
According to Soekartawi (1995), farming costs are all expenses used in farming. Farming costs are divided into two, namely fixed costs and variable costs (variable costs). Fixed costs are costs whose amount does not depend on the size of the production to be produced. on other hand, variable costs are costs whose size is influenced by the volume of production.

Fixed cost
Fixed costs are costs whose amount does not depend on the size of the production to be produced. This type amount cost is relatively fixed and continues to be issued even though the level of farm production is either high or low (Soekartawi, 1995). The following are fixed costs in vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village :  The table above explains that the total fixed cost of bean vegetable commodities is Rp. 378,911, the total fixed cost of the mustard vegetable commodities is Rp. 382,189, and the total fixed cost of cabbage vegetable commodity is Rp. 501. 500. The highest fixed costs are cabbage vegetables, because most of the members of KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village manage cabbage commodities so the total fixed cost is higher than other vegetable commodities.

Variable Cost
Variable costs (variable costs) are costs whose size is influenced by the volume of production Soekartawi (1995). The variable costs in this study are the use of fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, labor, and transportation. The following are the variable costs in vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village. Based on the table data, it is known that the total variable cost of the bean vegetable commodity is IDR 4,520,000, the total variable cost of the mustard vegetable commodity is IDR 5,205,000, and the total variable cost of the cabbage vegetable commodity is IDR 7,595,000. Therefore, the lowest total variable cost is the commodity of beans, and the highest is the commodity of cabbage.

Total cost
Total costs are costs incurred by farmers after the fixed costs are added up with variable costs. By adding up both types of costs, the researcher will find the total costs. Source: Primary Data Analysis 202Based on the data above, Table 7 shows that the total cost of vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village is about IDR 18.582.600.

Vegetable Farming Acceptance
Acceptance is the result of multiplying the production results that have been produced during the production process with the selling price of the product (Ambarsari, 2014). Based on the table above, it is known that the total revenue from vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village, is about IDR 40.600.000. The Cabbage vegetable community becomes the highest revenue according to the data. It came from the fact that most of the members in the KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village are farming cabbage.

Vegetable Farming Income
Vegetable farming income is the difference between revenue and total costs incurred by farmers in conducting farming activities. Based on the table above, it can be seen that the total income of vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village is IDR 22,016,900. The total income is obtained from the sum of the income of the bean vegetable commodity, the income of the mustard vegetable commodity, and the income of the cabbage vegetable commodity.

Vegetable Farming Efficiency
To determine whether a farm is efficient or not can be seen from the relative advantage of vegetable farming which is calculated using the R/C ratio analysis formula. The following is data on the efficiency of vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village: Based on the data in Table 5.14, the R/C Ratio for the commodity of green beans is 1.47, the R/C Ratio of the mustard vegetable commodity is 2.58 and the R/C Ratio of the commodity of cabbage is 2.35. So based on data analysis, it is stated that the highest R/C Ratio is mustard greens, and the lowest is green beans. Total revenue from vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village is IDR 40.600.000, and a total cost of IDR 18.582.600. The calculation using the analytical formula of R/C Ratio is used to find the R /C Ratio of vegetable farming. The value of R/C Ratio is the ratio between revenue and total cost. In the end, the R/C Ratio of vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village of 2.18. Because R/C Ratio > 1 means that vegetable farming activities in KWT Pala Town, Dajan Peken Village are feasible (efficient) to be developed because it is economically profitable.

KWT's Contribution to Family Income in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village
As a learning class, KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village, has a role as a place to improve knowledge, attitudes, and skills in farming for the people. As a vehicle for cooperation, it plays a role in strengthening cooperation between fellow group members and groups with other parties. As a production unit, farmer groups play a role in providing production facilities and infrastructure, as well as marketing. Business units play a role in increasing business sustainability and earning profits. Based on the data in the table above, it can be seen that 4 members of KWT contributed less than IDR 100,000 per month to family income. Meanwhile, 15 persons contribute up to IDR 100.000-Rp 500.000 per month to family income. Next, one member contributes above IDR 500.000 per month to the family income. The statement shows that vegetable farming activities are carried out by women farmers in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village plays a role in vegetable farming and can contribute to family income.

No
Commodity

Conclusion
Based on the results of research conducted on the income of vegetable farming in the research area, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Vegetable farming income in KWT Pala Town, Dajan Peken Village during one production season is IDR 22.016.900. The highest total income is obtained from farming commodities of cabbage, with a total income of about IDR 10.903.000. 2. The Value of R/C Ratio of vegetable farming in KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village is 2.18, and the highest R/C Ratio value is obtained from the mustard vegetable commodity with a total of 2.58. 3. Based on the data analysis that has been done, it shows that the highest contribution of monthly income vegetable farmers at KWT Pala City, Dajan Peken Village to family income is above IDR 500.000 per month.