Effect of Rabbit Compost and NPK on The Growth and Yield of Zucchini (Cucurbita Pepo L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the dose of rabbit compost and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of zucchini plants. The design used in this study was a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, namely: The first factor is rabbit compost (K) which consists of 4 levels of treatment (0, 10, 20, and 30 ton ha). The second factor, NPK pearl fertilizer dosage (D) consists of 4 levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha). Thus, there were 16 combination treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times so that there were 48 experimental plots. The research data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance. For a single treatment that has a real to very real effect, it is followed by the LSD test at 5% level, the results showed that the interaction between rabbit compost dose and NPK had no significant effect on all variables. The highest fresh fruit weight was obtained at the rabbit compost dose of 30 tons ha, namely 2463.64 g, an increase of 16.09% when compared to the treatment without compost, namely 2084.30 g. The highest fruit fresh weight was obtained at the NPK fertilizer dose of 300 kg ha, namely 2488.95 g. The fresh weight of the fruit increased by 18.23% when compared to the NPK fertilizer dose of 0 ton ha, which was 2104.87 g.


Introduction
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an annual vegetable crop that is included in the cucurbitae family, zucchini has high economic value and is still rarely cultivated by farmers. The demand for zucchini tends to increase along with the emergence of restaurants serving zucchini-based foods. The availability of sufficient nutrients in the soil is one of the factors that support the growth and development of zucchini plants. A plant that is deficient in nutrients, causes stunted plant growth. So that fertilizer application needs to be done to meet the nutrient deficiency [1].
Each plant requires a different amount of nutrients. Applying inappropriate fertilizers will cause the plants to not grow and produce optimally. Besides, giving excessive fertilizers is a waste of energy and costs (inefficient). Excessive fertilizers will cause poisoning to plants and can lead to inhibition of plant growth rates even if in a continuous state it will cause plant death [2].
Rabbit compost contains the highest nitrogen content compared to other livestock manure. According to [3], fresh rabbit manure contains 2.4% nitrogen; P content of 1.4%; and K content of 0.6%. For other livestock manure such as cow dung, the nitrogen content is only 0.4%; goat manure 0.6% and chicken manure by 1%.
According to [3] combining organic and inorganic fertilizers can also provide maximum results for plant growth. such as a combination of rabbit compost and NPK Wasp. Compost has several advantages compared to chemical fertilizers, namely it helps neutralize soil pH, helps neutralize toxins due to the presence of heavy metals in the soil, improves soil structure to become looser and directly increases the availability of groundwater, helps the absorption of nutrients from added chemical fertilizers [4]. NPK Mutiara fertilizer (16:16:16) is one of the compound inorganic fertilizers which has 16% macronutrients N, P, and K respectively [5]. This fertilizer is very good for supporting plant growth. Besides, the advantage is that the nutrients donated can meet plant nutrient needs [4].
According to the results of the study [6], the highest economic fresh weight was obtained at the dose of rabbit manure 30 tons ha -1 , namely 105.72 g, an increase of 70.35% when compared to the economic fresh weight with a dose without rabbit manure, namely 62.06 g. In a study by [7], compost treatment from cow manure of 20 tons ha -1 and NPK phonska 300 kg ha -1 could increase the growth of maize plants. This study aims to determine the effect of rabbit compost dose, NPK fertilizer dosage, and its combination on the growth and yield of zucchini while the hypothesis proposed in this study is the provision of a dose of 30 tons ha -1 of rabbit compost and fertilizer dose. NPK 300 kg ha -1 can increase the growth and yield of zucchini plants.

Research Time and Place
This research was conducted in the rice fields at Banjar Tundak, Mekarsari Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Denpasar, Bali with an altitude of 300-990 m above sea level, with a temperature range of 24 -26 ° C and this research activity was carried out from 26 February to 22 May 2020.

Research Materials and Tools
The materials used in this study were Zukini seeds of Jacky Z-6 variety, rabbit compost, NPK Tawon fertilizer (16:16:16). The tools used in this research are a hoe, sickle, raffia rope, knife, machete, length measuring instrument, weight measuring instrument, plastic bag, bamboo, tugal, stationery, and documentation.

Research Variables
The variables observed in this study included maximum plant height, the maximum number of leaves, fresh weight per fruit, number of fruit harvested, fruit length, fruit diameter, plant oven-dry weight, fruit oven-dry weight, and harvest index.
The data obtained from the research results were analyzed using a variance. If the results of variance on the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) then no further test was carried out, but if the results of variance on the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) then to compare the two treatment averages was carried out with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a level of 5%.

Results and Discussion
The results of the statistical analysis of the observed variables in the treatment of rabbit compost and wasp NPK and their interactions are presented in Table 1. .07 Note: The average value followed by the same letter in the same treatment and the same column means that there is no significant difference in the LSD 5% The results of statistical analysis showed that the interaction between rabbit compost dose and NPK fertilizer dose (KxD) had no significant effect (P≥0.05) on all variables. The highest fresh fruit weight was obtained at the dose of rabbit compost 30 tons ha -1 (K3), namely 2463.64 g, an increase of 16.09% when compared to the treatment without compost dose 0 tons ha -1 (K0), namely 2084.30 g. The high fresh weight was supported by the number of crops per cropped (r = 0.821 *), fruit length (r = 0.935 **) and fruit diameter (r = -0.975 **) ( Table 4). 0.836 * -0.156ns -0,869 * -0,720ns 1 6 0.613ns -0,530ns -0,934 ** -0,727ns 0.919 ** 1 7 -0.198ns -0.077ns 0.771 * 0.954 ** -0.578ns -0.506ns 1 8 -0,203ns 0.390ns -0.298ns -0.642ns 0.061ns -0.055ns -0,832 * 1 9 -0,508ns -0,778 * -0.505ns -0,511ns 0.031ns 0.367ns -0,383ns 0.253ns 1 r (0.05; 7; 1) = 0.754 r (0.01; 7; 1) = 0. The high yield of fruit fresh weight at a dose of 30 tons ha -1 is due to the function of each nutrient associated with generative and vegetative growth. Because rabbit compost is one type of organic material that can be used to increase plant production, this is because giving rabbit manure can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil because the organic matter is given to the soil so that it loosens the soil. A type of rabbit compost consisting of solid manure (feces) which becomes fertilizer to increase crop production. Rabbit manure contains 4.12% N nutrient, P 308.13 ppm, K 469.58 ppm, 4.12% Organic C [8]. In line with [9], compost treatment of 30 tons per ha can provide the highest yield of fresh weight of red chilies.
The highest fresh fruit weight was obtained at the NPK fertilizer dose of 300 kg ha -1 (D3), namely 2488.95 g. Fruit fresh weight increased by 18.23% when compared to the NPK fertilizer dose of 0 tons ha -1 (D0), which was 2104.87 g. The high fresh weight of fruit was supported by the number of harvests per plant (r = 0.923 **) ( Table 5). Nitrogen affects vegetative growth. Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth. The role of nitrogen for plants is to stimulate overall plant growth, especially stems, branches, and leaves, and plays an important role in the formation of green leaves which are useful in the process of photosynthesis [10]. Elemental phosphorus (P) is needed by plants in large quantities. Phosphorus helps to strengthen plant roots, helps root growth, and helps in shoot formation [11].
The element potassium (K) plays a role during plant growth, namely resistance to disease [10]. Plants that have enough potassium so that the photosynthesis process and metabolic processes run well. Potassium plays a role in the process of opening and closing the stomata, supporting the process of root formation, strengthening leaves, flowers, and fruit so that they do not wither and fall easily [12].

Conclusion
The interaction between rabbit compost dose and NPK had no significant effect on all variables. The highest fresh fruit weight was obtained at the dose of rabbit compost 30 ton ha -1 , namely 2463.64 g, an increase of 16.09% when compared to the treatment without compost, namely 2084.30 g. The highest fresh fruit weight was obtained at the NPK fertilizer dose of 300 kg ha -1 , namely 2488.95 g. The fresh weight of the fruit increased by 18.23% when compared to the without NPK fertilizer, which was 2104.87 g.