Arrangements of Involuntary Treatment for People with Mental Disorders in Indonesia

Authors

  • I Gde Yudhi Kurniawan Magister Hukum Kesehatan, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
  • Made Suksma Prijandhini Devi Salain Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
  • Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
  • I Nyoman Prabu Buana Rumiartha Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22225/jhp.12.2.2025.178-186

Keywords:

informed consent, involuntary treatment, mental disorders, mental health

Abstract

Mental disorders are health conditions where individuals experience changes in thinking patterns, emotions, or behavior, or a combination of these changes. During relapses, it is not uncommon for individuals with mental disorders to refuse treatment or therapy prescribed by doctors. Involuntary treatment for individuals with mental disorders (ODGJ) sometimes becomes an unavoidable option if there is a risk of harm to themselves or others. This research is a normative legal study aimed at examining the implementation of involuntary treatment for ODGJ in Indonesia and several other countries, using a legislative and comparative approach. The Indonesian Health Law (2023) does not specifically regulate involuntary treatment but implicitly addresses it in Article 80, paragraphs (1) to (5). There are vague norms regarding the criteria for involuntary treatment, its duration, and the patient's right to review the treatment they receive. In some countries, there are clear criteria regarding the conditions for involuntary treatment, family obligations, and its duration. In the derivative regulations, it is recommended to include the necessary additional criteria to create legal certainty and protection for medical personnel, as well as for patients and their families.

References

Chen, H., Phillips, M. R., Cheng, H., Chen, Q., Chen, X., Fralick, D., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., & Bueber, M. A. (2012). Mental Health Law of the People’s Republic of China (English translation with annotations). Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 24(6), 305–321. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.06.001

Go, D. S., Shin, K. C., Paik, J. W., Kim, K. A., & Yoon, S. J. (2020). A review of the admission system for mental disorders in south korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249159

Ho, R. C., Ho, C. S., Khan, N., & Kua, E. H. (2015). An overview of mental health legislation in Singapore. BJPsych. International, 12(2), 42–44. https://doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000283

Idaiani, S., & Riyadi, E. I. (2018). Sistem Kesehatan Jiwa di Indonesia: Tantangan untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan, 2(2), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v2i2.134

Ikkos, G. (2016). Mental health law profiles. BJPsych. International, 13(1), 12–13. https://doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000908

Irvin, T. (2003). Legal, ethical and clinical implications of prescribing involuntary, life-threatening treatment: the case of the Sunshine Kid. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 48(4), 856–860. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS2002090.

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Välimäki, M., Korkeila, J., Tuohimäki, C., & Lehtinen, V. (2003). Involuntary medication in psychiatric inpatient treatment. European Psychiatry, 18(6), 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.07.002

Kemenkes RI. (2018). Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 53(9), 1689–1699.

Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. (2020). Pilar Pembangunan Sosial.

Kennedy, C. (2019). Compulsory Community and Involuntary Outpatient Treatment for People with Severe Mental Disorders. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40(6), 537–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1600359

Laureano, C. D., Laranjeira, C., Querido, A., Dixe, M. A., & Rego, F. (2024). Ethical Issues in Clinical Decision-Making about Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040445

Osborn, T. L., Wasanga, C. M., & Ndetei, D. M. (2022). Transforming mental health for all. BMJ, o1593. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o1593

Pasaribu, J. (2019). Kepatuhan Minum Obat Mempengaruhi Relaps Pasien Skizofrenia. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 7(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.7.1.2019.39-46

Saya, A., Brugnoli, C., Piazzi, G., Liberato, D., Ciaccia, G. Di, Niolu, C., & Siracusano, A. (2019). Criteria, procedures, and future prospects of involuntary treatment in psychiatry around the world: A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00271

Setiawan, P. (2009). Sejarah Perlindungan ODMK. 5(54).

Shiina, A., Sato, A., Iyo, M., & Fujii, C. (2019). Outcomes of administrative involuntary hospitalization: A national retrospective cohort study in Japan. World Journal of Psychiatry, 9(7), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v9.i7.99

Sugiura, K., Pertega, E., & Holmberg, C. (2020). Experiences of involuntary psychiatric admission decision-making: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of the perspectives of service users, informal carers, and professionals. Int J Law Psychiatry, 73(Nov-Dec), 101645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101645

Tan, D. (2021). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Mengupas dan Mengulas Metodologi Dalam Menyelenggarakan Penelitian Hukum. NUSANTARA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 8(8), 2463–2478. http://jurnal.um-tapsel.ac.id/index.php/nusantara/index

Wang, J. P., Chiu, C. C., Yang, T. H., Liu, T. H., Wu, C. Y., & Chou, P. (2015). The low proportion and associated factors of involuntary admission in the psychiatric emergency service in Taiwan. PLoS ONE, 10(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129204

WHO. (n.d.). Mental Health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health#

WHO. (2005). WHO resource book on mental health, human rights and legislation. World Health Organization 2005.

WHO. (2022). Mental Disorders. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

WHO. (2023). Mental Health , Human Rights and Legislation. In United Nations Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner.

Zhang, S., Mellsop, G., Brink, J., & Wang, X. (2015). Involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorder. Neuroscience Bulletin, 31(1), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-014-1493-5

Downloads

Published

2025-10-14

How to Cite

Kurniawan, I. G. Y., Salain, M. S. P. D., Aryani, L. N. A., & Rumiartha, I. N. P. B. (2025). Arrangements of Involuntary Treatment for People with Mental Disorders in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Prasada, 12(2), 178–186. https://doi.org/10.22225/jhp.12.2.2025.178-186

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Hukum Prasada

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Hukum Prasada

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.