Agentive Movement Verbs in the Study of the Angkola Batak Language

-The Angkola Batak language is a regional language that has 2 types of verbs, namely agentive motion verbs and patient motion verbs. In this study we will discuss agentive motion verbs.The purpose of this study is to determine the categorization of agentive verbs in the Batak Angkola language so that there are no mistakes in the meaning of words. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using interviews.The results of this study indicate that agentive movement verbs (VGA) are categorized based on eleven components


I. INTRODUCTION
The Angkola Batak language is one of the regional languages spoken mainly in the southern Tapanuli area, including South Tapanuli, Padangsidimpuan, North Padang Lawas, Padang Lawas, and a small part of Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra, Indonesia.The Angkola Batak language belongs to the Austronesian language family, and is part of the Batak language group [1].
The Angkola Batak language is one of the Indonesian languages which has begun to experience a shift in its usage.This is caused by the existence of a culture of migrating and the arrival of migrants from other areas who inevitably directly or indirectly bring cultural and linguistic changes to the people themselves both in cities and in villages [2].In addition, even though parents still use BBA in their daily lives, it turns out that as a result of the globalization era, the tendency for parents to teach Indonesian or foreign languages to their next generations is greater than teaching BBA, with the aim that these next generations can keep up with the times that are increasingly sophisticated.
On the one hand, the attitude of these parents has a positive impact because it is based on a sense of progress, but on the other hand it is very unfortunate because without realizing it, this attitude of parents can make the use of BBA less and less and eventually this regional language can become extinct.This should not happen, because BBA is a historical legacy that has been passed down from generation to generation as a significant means of communication between the Angkola Batak people.
I will present the results of previous research on agentif movement verbs.First, Malay Language Movement Verbs conducted by Mulyadi, et al.The results of the research are: 1. Based on the analysis of bMA motion verbs, the moving entities are people, animals, plants, and inanimate objects.There are verbs which, if the agent is replaced, produce an ungrammatical meaning.2. From the number of data categories analyzed, the Asahan Malay community often carries out agentive events rather than patient events because it is proven that there are more VGA than VGP.That is, they cannot control and do not want anything bad to happen to them.3. The Asahan Malay community is very active in carrying out their movements because judging from their geographical location on the sea coast requires them to move more often in order to get a good living.The advantage of this research is that it has found many agentive verbs in Asahan Malay language so that this research is rich in Malay Asahan vocabulary, while the weakness is that this study is limited in BMA process verbs and action verbs.
Second, agentive movement verbs in the Malian Dayak language conducted by Hotma Simanjuntak, et al.The results of his research are based on the results of an analysis of the meaning field of agentive movement verbs in the Malian Dayak language, an inventory of agentive movement verbs in the Malian Dayak language in Cowet Village, Balai District, Sanggau Regency.There are 33 agentive movement verbs.The form of agentive movement verbs in the Malian Dayak language in Cowet Village, Balai District, Sanggau Regency, in the form of a single word/monomorphic, consists of 22 verbs, polymorphic.consisting of 2 verbs of affixation, 2 verbs of reduplication, compounding not found in this study, and 7 verbs in the form of aphorisms.Based on the analysis of the description of the meaning of agentive movement verbs in the Dayak Malian language in Cowet Village, Balai District, Sanggau Regency, there are 22 lexemes of lexical meaning and 11 lexemes of grammatical meaning.
The advantages of this study are that the authors have conducted research on something that is still lacking in research so that researchers produce new and quite accurate information about agentive movement verbs in the Dayak Malian language.Meanwhile, the drawback is that there are still several lexemes of agentive movement verbs that have not been found so it is hoped that researchers then to focus more on obtaining this completion.
It would be nice if the Angkola Batak people were aware and willing to jointly protect and preserve this regional language.At least, even though it is not used in everyday life due to situational factors, people can use it in the family or when meeting relatives because it is a feature and pride for the Indonesian nation, especially for the Angkola Batak people.Based on this description, the author wants to participate in this preservation of BBA by conducting research on the BBA verb system which aims to enable the Angkola Batak community, both parents and the younger generation, to learn BBA.
Movement verbs embody the elements of moving, moving and doing [3].An agentive movement verb is an event that has a desire to connect translational motion from one place to another [4].As an agentive movement verb, 'go' kehe or 'came' ro is limited to translational movement.The categorization of movement verbs needs to be done so that there are no overlapping meanings of the verbs, causing confusion among language users and this research has never existed before.
Movement activity is the activity that is mostly carried out by the Angkola Batak community in terms of geographical location which requires a lot of agentive movements in carrying out their daily lives.However, the meanings of words that often overlap lead to misinterpretation of agentive movement verbs, so it is important to study VGA in order to correct the erroneous interpretation of verb meanings.For example, doing a movement by lifting the foot forward quickly is called jumping.There are other verbs running, walking, falling, swimming, going, and so on.However, these movement verbs sometimes have similar meanings, such as the words fall, slip, and slip.
The word fall means detached and goes down or slides down quickly because of the gravity of the earth (both while still in the downward motion and after it reaches the ground, etc.), the word slip means to fall, slip, the word slip means to fall, slip [5].In fact, if analyzed further there must be differences in the three verbs.This overlapping meaning of movement verbs certainly causes confusion for language users.Therefore, it is necessary to categorize movement verbs.
Research on agentive movement verbs has been studied in several regional languages in North Sumatra, but agentive movement verbs in the Angkola Batak language have never been studied before.This study is important because the Angkola Batak people make many agentive movements and it is hoped that this research will become a source of reference for future researchers who are interested in reviewing movement verbs in the Angkola Batak language.

II. METHODS
This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using interviews.The data sources for this research are primary data and secondary data.The primary data is in the form of interviews with several informants who speak Batak Angkola who have the following criteria: 1. Boy or girl.
3. The informant's parents, wife, husband were born and raised in the village and rarely or never leave the village.4. Middle social status (neither low nor high) with expectations of mobility not too high.5. Have pride in isolect and its isolect community.6. Can speak Indonesian.7. Physically and mentally healthy (Mahsun, 1995).Based on the criteria above, there were five informants in this study.One of the five informants becomes a key informant.
Secondary data is written sources consisting of several books in the Angkola Batak language which are still used by the Angkola Batak people to this day, such as: Andung-Tarsingot at Tano Hatubuan (1956), Baen Dongan Angkup Matobang (1965), Indigenous Poda-poda (1991), South Tapanuli Regional Language Study (1994), as well as the author's knowledge of the Angkola Batak language.In this study the instrument used in data collection was an interview using questions prepared by the researcher.The interview questions were asked directly to our informants who were also the source of our data collection in this study.
In addition, some data were obtained from several books in the Angkola Batak language which are still used by the Angkola Batak people today, such as: Andung-Tarsingot at Tano Hatubuan (1956), Baen Dongan Angkup Matobang (1965), These Indigenous Poda-poda (1991) , South Tapanuli Regional Language Study (1994), as well as the author's knowledge of the Angkola Batak language.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Movement is a fundamental event in a language.Movement requires the movement of entities [6].The movement can refer from one point (A) to point (B) [7].Agentive movement verbs are verbs that express movement events because there is an intentional and intentional element of the agent [8].VGA is inserted with the word being 'medium', sangajo 'intentionally' or the word giot 'want' in the verb that follows it.[9]Look at the following sentence test.
a. Sangajo is a good bread for your mother 'He came to your aunt's house on purpose.' b.Umak i giot kehe haji saipasna 'The mother wants to go to Hajj as soon as possible' This sentence is acceptable because the agent has an element of intention to come to someone's house, the desire to go to Mecca.Another semantic feature of VGA is the dynamics of events, meaning that the agent will experience changes, in this case the position [10].VGA events can describe whether or not they have occurred, can be in a short or long time, and sometimes have kinetic characteristics, that is, they require the presence of other participants or none [11].Look again at the example of the verb ro 'come' in sentence (1), the verb is an event that has been carried out by the agent, while the verb kehe 'goes' in sentence ( 2) is an event that has not been experienced by the agent with a long duration and secondly the verb is not followed by the presence of another participant.
The categorization of agentive movement verbs in BBA is based on the similarity of their semantic components [12].This type of verb has the same characteristics in one semantic domain.Through the set of meanings on the semantic components, the information of agentive movement verbs in BBA is determined by mapping the semantic elements into the appropriate semantic components with the semantic components formed by the elements [13].'Si Udin walks the garden' VGA goes in sentence (a) shows someone moving away from the reference point to a place where the destination is not explained, sentence (b) describes the agent (Rudi) moving to his girlfriend's house, sentence (c) describes someone leaving for work, sentence (d ) explains the agent (Ucok) is moving towards his aunt's house, sentence (e) describes the agent (Udin) is moving towards his garden, sentence (f) describes the agent (Tina's father) heading to the port, sentences (g) and )(h) describe someone who is visiting to your relative/neighbor's house.

'Someone is moving from somewhere'
The VGA category in BBA refers to this semantic component, namely ro 'coming', mulak 'going home', mandonok 'approaching', exiting 'out', and mandipur 'gliding'.More details in the following sentences.
a. VGA mangaroroi 'menjaga' in sentence (a) shows the agent moving from his house to someone else's house, sentence (b) shows the agent (brother) moving from the house or residence of the older brother to the Padangsidimpuan area (probably the house of the younger brother).In sentences (c and d) VGA mandonok shows the event of a person's movement from a place that is quite far away to a place that is closer.VGA mandipur 'slides' in sentence (e) shows the movement of agents from somewhere or the movement of agents who come quickly.

'Someone/something is moving on Y'
This semantic component refers to BBA agentive movement verbs whose entities are animate and move by themselves, such as marsitingkek 'on tiptoe', malayang 'float', marayap 'creeps', and marambat 'creeps'.Can be seen in the following example.
a. Mabiar ia madabu in bridge,marsitingkek ma ia 'He was afraid to fall on the bridge, walk carefully' b.Inda foreign solop, marsitingkek ma Umak tu well i 'No sandals, walking on tiptoe ummi to the well.c.Accimun i tamanon na marambat 'Cucumbers are vines.d.Inda tarida be wall i harani bulung na marambat 'The wall is no longer visible because of the vines e. Accocak i crawled on the wall 'The lizard was crawling/climbing on the wall.' f.Burangir i madung marambat is a fence wall 'The betel nut has crept up to the wall of the fence.' VGA in sentence (ab) marsitingkek 'to stand on tiptoe' is a person's movement to a place by resting on the tips of the toes usually because of something that frightens or disgusts the agent.plants) from the bottom up or become wider that can move over the ground or walls.VGA creep in sentence (e) refers to entities (animals) that move forward over the wall.If the entity is changed to a plant as shown in example (f), the resulting meaning is unacceptable and ungrammatical even though the verb lies in the same semantic component.VGA flies in sentence (a) describes a bird that moves up into the sky because it escapes from its cage.In BBA, VGA jongjong has two meanings, namely standing and getting up, but can still be categorized as the same component.The difference depends on the context of the sentence.Sentence (b) shows someone who is ordered to stand up, describes the upward movement of the body from a sitting position, whereas in sentence (c) shows someone who wants to get up, describes the upward movement of the body from a sleeping position.Sentence (d) describes a squirrel jumping up a mango tree, sentence (e) describes agent Samsul and his friend climbing a guava tree.Sentence (f) describes Udin's agent riding on the buffalo's back.VGA entered in sentence (ab) indicates the movement of a person from an outside door towards the inside of the house.In sentence (c), VGA malumpat describes the movement of a frog from above, maybe from the ground or from a rock by lifting all of its body into the swamp.In sentence (d) describes Samsul putting his whole body into the pool.

Someone is moving downwards'
VGA which refers to this component is down 'down', madabu 'falling' and manggalinding 'rolling'.Similar to the previous category, these two BBA verbs have the same semantic characteristics, that is, events move downwards.To see the similarities in the semantic components, consider the following sentences.
a. On the majolo hi satokkin, nakkon so come down 'Just stay there a minute, you don't need to get off!' b.Ompung's palan-palan went down, Langitan naon stairs 'Grandma go down slowly, these stairs are very slippery.'c.Au manggalinding want hill i 'I rolled off the top of hill.' d.Madabu the Amna wants to take the stairs."Amna fell from the stairs" VGA going down in sentence (ab) shows someone moving from top to bottom because of something with care, while in sentence (c) VGA manggalinding shows someone moving down like a wheel turning from the top of a hill.Sentence (d) draws agent Amna falling down the stairs'.

Someone is moving up and down'
VGA which refers to this component is mangondap-ondap 'sneaking', which describes the movement of walking by raising and lowering half of the body.See the following sentences.
a. Hami just started watching, Uida adong alak mangondap-ondap, apparently he's really good at it 'We just got home from watching, I saw someone sneaking around apparently he wanted to steal.' b.Mangondap-ondap he is in the bushes and is eager to make manga 'He was sneaking in the bushes to get some mangoes.' VGA mangondap-ondap reveals the event of a person who moves half of his body up and down to a place like someone else's house with a bent body position so that other people don't see him because he is doing a bad job.

'Someone is moving sideways'
This semantic component in VGA in BBA which belongs to it is turning 'turning' and shifting 'shifting'.This verb describes the event of a person directing a sideways movement (left/right).See the following sentence.
a. Turn the motorbike on and off to the left 'You first turn this car to the left!' b.Margeser joho Maryam saotic so juguk au Move Maryam a little so I can sit.In sentence (a) the VGA turn shows a person moving with his car, an inanimate object being controlled, to the side.In sentence (b) describes Maryam moving sideways or shifting to the side of the seat.

'Someone is moving forward'
The semantic component of VGA describes someone moving forward.In BBA, the verbs are forward 'forward ', marangkak 'crawling', manyiborang 'cross', mamburu 'hunt', and malan 'cross'. For  Sentence (a) describes a person who was ordered by another person to move from front to back, while sentence (b), VGA backwards describes a group of people moving backwards slowly a prohibition for Rohima's agents not to lean against the wall.Sentence (d) describes a person who moves his body backwards to lean on a chair because usually the person leaning on is feeling pain in his waist or is tired.

Someone/something is moving in all directions'
VGA in BBA which belongs to the component 'X moves in all directions' is found in the verbs mangesser 'shifting', marlange 'swimming', marputar 'spinning', maranggun 'swinging', and marjoget 'dancing'.These five verbs are in the same semantic component because they show animate and inanimate entities moving freely, either to the left, right, front and back, but the places and media where the movement occurs are different.See the following sentences.
a. Hita akkon marlange so until that hat is Dano i 'We have to swim to get to the shore of the lake.' b.Copat do like bot on marputar c. 'The engine of this boat is fast and turning.' d.He walked around and around, Bagas was Nia's daughter, Inda Marsuo, when she got lost in the market 'He was looking for his son's house, he couldn't find it, I saw him get lost in the market.' VGA marlange in sentence (a) shows a person who moves all the body into the lake water, but does not reach the bottom of the lake.Sentence (b) shows the movement of a machine rotating on its axis, the movement to the left and right forms a circle, with a fast duration describes the machine turning on quickly, while sentence (c) shows a person walking around the market aiming to find his lost child at a great distance.The meaning of the verb can change depending on the context of the sentence.

Table 1 .
Category of Agentive Motion Verbs in The Angkola Batak Language