Agrarian Reform: The Legal Protection of Ulayat Land for Indigenous Peoples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22225/elg.8.1.2026.54-62Keywords:
Agrarian Reform, Customary Rights, Indigenous peoples, Indigenous Law Community, Ulayat LandAbstract
This study examines the recognition and management authority of the ulayat land of indigenous peoples after agrarian reform. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the Basic Agrarian Law recognize the rights of indigenous peoples and their ulayat rights. However, due to dilemmas regarding the protection and management of ulayat land, it is necessary to assess the extent of legal certainty in the governance of ulayat land for indigenous people. This research employs a normative legal methodology, incorporating both statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal that land in Indonesia is ultimately controlled by the State, as provided for in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. State control is not absolute ownership and may be delegated to indigenous people. Agrarian reform, as formalized through Presidential Regulation No. 62 of 2023 and Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN No. 14 of 2024, officially recognizes indigenous peoples. This occurs by issuing Land Parcel Identification Numbers (Nomor Identifikasi Bidang Tanah) and registering ulayat land in the Ulayat Land Registry (DaftarTanah Ulayat). Based on this registration, indigenous people may manage their customary land. They can further affirm their rights by applying for Land Management Rights (Hak Pengelolaan) or Freehold Title (Hak Milik) in the name of the indigenous people to ensure legal certainty. This study concludes that agrarian law reform provides indigenous people with recognition and protection to manage ulayat land.
References
Ardani, M. N., & Dewi, I. G. S. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pemegang Hak Atas Tanah yang Tanahnya Berada di Atas Hak Pengelolaan. Gema Keadilan, 7(3), 195-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.2020.9579
Amir, A. (2019). Pengalihan Hak Penguasaan Tanah Menurut UUPA dalam Rangka Pendaftaran Tanah Pertama Kali. Repertorium: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Kenotariatan, 51-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28946/rpt.v8i1.311
Benuf, K., & Azhar, M. (2020). Metodologi penelitian hukum sebagai instrumen mengurai permasalahan hukum kontemporer. Gema Keadilan, 7(1), 20-33. DOI: 10.14710/gk.7.1.20-33
Budiastanti, D. E. (2023). Hak Pengelolaan Lahan (HPL) dalam Konstitusi dan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia. Al-Balad: Journal of Constitutional Law, 5(2).
Dharsana, I. M. P., Budiartha, I. N. P., & Setiasa, I. M. (2023). Agrarian Reform and National Land Law Political Policy Provide Legal Assurance for Investment. Sociological Jurisprudence Journal, 6(1), 11-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22225/scj.6.1.2023.11-21
Hulu, K. I. (2021). Kekuatan alat bukti sertifikat hak milik atas tanah dalam bukti kepemilikan hak. Jurnal Panah Keadilan, 1(1), 27-31. DOI:10.52188/jja.v1i1.314
Guntur, I. G. N. (2023). Ragam pengakuan formal terhadap penguasaan tanah adat di Indonesia. Tunas Agraria, 6(2), 93-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v6i2.215
Krismantoro, D. (2022). Pengakuan hak masyarakat adat atas tanah ulayat: Analisis hubungan antara hukum nasional dan hukum adat. AKSELERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional, 4(2), 21-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54783/jin.v4i2.553
Murni, C. S., & Sulaiman, S. (2022). Sertifikat Hak Milik Atas Tanah Merupakan Tanda Bukti Hak Kepemilikan Tanah. Lex Librum, 8(2), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.46839/lljih.v8i2.370
Rajab, R. A., Turisno, B. E., & Lumbanraja, A. D. (2020). Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah Dalam Kepastian Hukum Pendaftaran Tanah. Notarius, 13(2), 642-654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jis.%25v.%25i.%25Y.%25p
Ridho, M. R. (2022). Tanah Ulayat Adat Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam. El-Dusturie, 1(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21154/eldusturie.v1i1.4176
Sagoni, S., Saputra, A. W., & Nur, A. W. (2023). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Kedudukan Sertifikat Tanah di Wilayah Pesisir Danau Tempe. Legal Journal of Law, 2(2), 107-118.
Samosir, D. (2013). Legalisasi Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 42(2), 236-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.42.2.2013.236-243
Sulistyaningsih, R. (2021). Reforma Agraria di Indonesia. Perspektif, 26(1), 57-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v26i1.753
Wardoyo, H. (2024). Syarat Sah Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah dan Kewenangan dalam Penerbitan Sertifikat Tanah di Indonesia. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(1), 119-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i1.4714
Widowati, A. R. (2025). Artikel-Legal Study of Land Redistribution Policy as Land Reform Object: State Administrative Law Perspective Kajian Yuridis atas Kebijakan Redistribusi Tanah Objek Landreform: Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara-Aisyah Rukmi Widowati. Mendapo Jurnal of Administrasi Law, 6(1), 59-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/mendapo.v6i1.38322
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 A. A. Istri Eka Krisna Yanti, Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu Dewi, I Gede Pasek Pramana, Anak Agung Angga Primantari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
