Spatial Pattern of Tourism Destination Areas on Bintan Island, Riau

One of the islands in the Riau Islands is Bintan, which is an island that has the capital of the Riau Islands Province, namely Tanjung Pinang. Bintan Island has a strategic location and abundant tourism objects, and one of the uniqueness of the tourism destination area on Bintan Island is the existence of a private or closed tourism destination area that allows tourists to enjoy their vacation without any outside interference or local residents' activities. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze in depth about the spatial patterns of tourism destination areas in Bintan Island, Riau Islands. The scope of research in this discussion is focused on the spatial pattern of tourism destination areas located on Bintan Island, especially on private tourism areas. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. This research is conditioned as qualitative research through a case study strategy. The system approach used is also a descriptive analytic approach. Make direct observations, collect data and then relate it to the study of the theories used. Based on the results of a survey I conducted on Bintan Island, Riau, the distribution of tourist destination areas on Bintan Island is almost evenly distributed in every district in Bintan Island, there is a pattern of distribution related to tourism activities that is influenced by the attraction held by each destination area on the island.


I. Introduction
The Islands with the capital city Tanjungpinang is a collection of islands that have a lot of tourism potential, especially archipelago tourism. Among them are Bintan Island, which is located in the Riau Archipelago with an abundance of tourism objects, has very beautiful beaches and a very interesting culture. Bintan Island was the heart of the Ancient Malay Kingdom and is currently the site of the fastest growing economic activity in Indonesia. A very strategic geographical location and supported by very potential natural potential, Bintan Island is one of the centers of economic growth for the Republic of Indonesia, especially as currently being pursued as a pilot project for the Development of Special Economic Zones (KEK) in collaboration with the Sigapura State Government. The implementation of this policy is an era of cooperation between the central government and local governments, as well as the participation of the business world. KEK are leading economic activity nodes supported by excellent service facilities with infrastructure capacities that are internationally competitive. This can be seen from the facilities and support capacity for international tourism in Bintan Island. Bintan Island is unique in tourism with private (closed) tourism activities, which allow tourists to enjoy their holidays without any outside interference or the activities of local residents. Tourism activities in Bintan Island are a huge foreign exchange support for the capital of the Riau Islands, although not many tourism in this area know especially the Indonesian people, but the beauty of Bintan Island is no less beautiful than Bali Island.

II. Concept
The geographical condition of Bintan Island is located between 0o6'17 "North Latitude -1o34'52" North Latitude and 104o12'47 "East Longitude in the west -108o2'27" East Longitude in the east. In general, the climate is tropical with the lowest average temperature of 21oC and the highest of 33oC with an air humidity of 86%. The boundary of Bintan Island, in the north is bordered by Natuna Regency, in the south is bordered by Lingga Regency, in the west is bordered by Batam City, in the east is bordered by West Kalimantan Province (Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2007). The spatial structure of Bintan Island includes a development area unit (almost all areas in Bintan Island are a development area for the tourism sector), an urban system (directed as a Local Activity Center, a Local Promotion Activity Center, a Regional Service Center, an Environmental Service Center), an activity center system ( Specifically for the Tourism Activity Center located in Lagoi, Kuala Sempang and Trikora), and the regional infrastructure system on Bintan Island (located in Bandar Seri Bentan which is the Center for International, National and Regional Trade and Service Activities; Tanjung Uban, Lobam and Kijang are the centers of activity International, national and regional transportation) (Kementerian Perhubungan, 2010).

A. Bintan Island Land Spatial Pattern
Protected areas, there are protected forest areas (almost the entire area of Bintan Island is protected forest), cultural and scientific heritage areas (Bukit Kerang Areas), areas prone to natural disasters, cultivation areas and other protected areas. Cultivation area, production forest area, agricultural area, fishery area, mining area, industrial area, tourism area, residential area and other areas.

B. Bintan Island Marine Spatial Pattern
Public use areas (tourism areas, settlements, ports, agriculture, forests, mining, aquaculture, capture fisheries, industry, lego anchor areas) (Gunn, 1994). Conservation Areas (marine conservation, coastal and small islands conservation, maritime and coastal boundary conservation, marine conservation), strategic areas (defense and security zones, world heritage sites, border areas and front small islands), sea lanes (shipping international, national and regional; public facility channels, fish migration channels and submarine cable networks and gas pipelines) (Gunn, 1998;Inskeep, 1991).

C. Utilization of Bintan Island Space
Utilization of Bintan Island area space is a manifestation of spatial planning which is translated into an indication of the main Bintan Island program in the next five to twenty years.

D. Tourism in Bintan Island
Diversity of tourist areas and attractions on Bintan Island, there are in Lagoi (Resort Tourism, Beach Tour, Go Cart Sports Tour, Golf and Bowling, Out Bond Flying Fox Tour (which is private)), Trikora (Resort and Beach Tourism). The number of foreign tourist visits until 2018 was 439,494 people with an average growth of 4.99% per person per year. With the most foreign tourists visiting are tourists from Singapore. Accessibility, as the lifeblood of tourism activity traffic. The road conditions on Bintan Island are very good. Sea transportation is a very important facility on Bintan Island because it connects directly with neighboring Singapore and Malaysia. Air transportation is also available on Bintan Island, but only via Jakarta-Tanjungpinang-Jakarta (in this case it is still limited). Accommodation, there are facilities for 5 and 4-star hotels, with a very adequate number of restaurants, more than 150, and other supporting facilities.

E. Description of the Area which is the Research Area
The purpose of this research is to know and analyze in depth the spatial patterns of tourism destinations in Bintan Island, Riau Islands. The scope of research in this discussion is focused on the spatial pattern of tourism destination areas on Bintan Island, especially in private tourism areas. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. This research is conditioned as a qualitative research through a case study strategy. The approach system used is also a descriptive analytic approach. Make direct observations, collect data then connect it with the theoretical study used.

F. Regional Characteristics
As a case unit selected Areas that are seen as having their own characteristics and uniqueness, especially in terms of the spatial functions formed by the existence of the destination area. What is meant is the Lagoi area, the Trikora Beach area, the Kijang area, the Tanjungpinang area, the Tanjung Uban area, and the Sembong area.

III. Results and Discussion
As explained above, there is a private tourism destination area on Bintan Island, namely in the Lagoi tourist area, which in this area there are almost all facilities that support tourism contained therein. With a variety of attractions that exist and of international standard.
Accessibility, in this case, to reach private tourist attractions in Lagoi is very easy to reach by water, supported by the existence of an international ferry terminal that serves the Singapore (Tanah Merah) -Lagoi (Sri Bentan Tellani)-Singapore (Tanah Merah) and Johor route. Bahru (The Sea Bone) -Lagoi (Sri Bentan Tellani) -Johor Bahru (The Sea Bone). Meanwhile, to reach by air, you have to take the road from Tanjungpinang to Lagoi again with a distance of approximately 2 hours. Table. 1. The most popular tour ist ar ea for tour ists, on Bintan Island Figure. 2. Location Accesbility Source: (Nadjmi, 2015) The distribution of tourist attractions, the distribution of tourist attractions on Bintan Island is almost in every sub-district on Bintan Island, but what we will discuss is the tourist attractions in Lagoi which are private tourist areas. With superior tourist attractions in the form of Resort Tourism, Beach Tourism, and Sports Tourism (Golf).

Figure. 3. Regional Spatial Planning in Bintan Island
Source: (Nadjmi, 2015) Source : Primary Data, 2014 Amenitas (Supporting Facilities for Tourism Activities), the existence of very good supporting facilities is what supports tourists to feel at home in Lagoi, where tourists are really spoiled by international standard facilities that are there.
Tourist Movement Patterns, the movement patterns of tourists on Bintan Island are generally based on the motivation of tourists to existing tourist attractions. The flow of tourist movements on Bintan Island from the city center moves towards the North, towards resort / golf tourist attractions located in Lagoi.

Figure. 4. Patter ns of Tour ist Movement in Bintan Island
Source: (Nadjmi, 2015) Special Policy (FTZ / KEK), the legal basis is stipulated in PP. 47 of 2007, concerning the Free Trade Zone and Free Port. This also has a positive impact on tourist visits to Bintan Island.

IV. Conclusion
From the above discussion, we can see that the most influential factor is accessibility. Without access to the islands, development in an archipelago is impossible to achieve. The second factor is the factor of the distribution of attractions, or the achievement of the tourist area itself, in this case related to the motivation of tourists to reach these attractions; The easier it is for visitors to visit an attraction area, the more tourists will visit that destination. The third factor is the intensity and quality of tourism facilities and infrastructure; if this aspect is good, tourists will be happy to visit the area. Another factor is related to the socio-culture of the community; community participation allows tourism growth in the region to run well.